Anket ve mülakatlar: Katılımcıların görüşünü bildirmek
It was suggested that ...
One interviewee argued that … There were some suggestions that ...
In all cases, the informants reported that … In their accounts of the events surrounding ...
There were some negative comments about ... The participants on the whole demonstrated ... Some felt that …, while others considered that … Some interviewees argued that …, while others …
This view was echoed by another informant who ... Whilst a minority mentioned that…, all agreed that… Only a small number of respondents indicated that ...
A small number of those interviewed suggested that ....
For a small number of participants X was the reason for …
The majority of participants agreed with the statement that …
When asked about X, the participants were unanimous in the view that …
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One Some A few
A number of The majority of
A small number of
The overwhelming majority of |
informant(s) participant(s) interviewee(s) |
felt that … said that … stated that … argued that …
reported that … indicated that … proposed that … remarked that … suggested that … commented that …
referred to … emphasised … attributed X to … explicitly referred to … questioned whether … expressed a desire for …
were reluctant to discuss … offered an explanation for … expressed concerns about … were particularly critical of … agreed with the statement that …
welcomed the opportunity to focus on … |
Sonuç bölümünü özetlemek
These results suggest that ... The results also indicate that …
Overall, these results indicate that ... In summary, these results show that ...
In summary, for the informants in this study, ...
What emerges from the results reported here is that … Together these results provide important insights into ...
Taken together, these results suggest that there is an association between ...
The results in this chapter indicate that ... The next chapter, therefore, moves on to discuss the ...
Bulguların Tartışılması
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'Tartışma (Discussion)' teriminin İngilizcede çeşitli anlamları vardır. Ancak akademik yazımda genellikle iki tür faaliyete atıfta bulunur: a) bir sonuca varmadan önce bir konunun veya sorunun her iki tarafını da dikkate almak; b) araştırma çıktılarını ve bunların çıkarımlarını dikkate almak. Tezlerde ve araştırma makalelerinde yer alan tartışma bölümleri, unsurları açısından muhtemelen en karmaşık bölümlerdir. Normalde bir 'sonuç beyanı' veya önemli bir 'bulgu' etrafında toplanırlar. Genellikle birden fazla sonuç olduğundan, tartışma bölümleri genellikle bir dizi tartışma döngüsü halinde yapılandırılır. Bu döngülerdeki en yaygın öğeler ve bunlarla tipik olarak ilişkilendirilen bazı ifadeler aşağıda listelenmiştir. Açıklamalarda ve çıkarımlarda bulunurken kullanılan dilin çok belirsiz veya temkinli olduğuna dikkat ediniz (bkz. Tedbirli Olmak başlıklı bölüm). |
Arka plan bilgisi vermek: literatüre atıf yapmak
A number of recent studies … Several reports have shown that …
As mentioned in the literature review, ...
Prior studies that have noted the importance of ...
Very little was found in the literature on the question of ...
Previous studies evaluating X observed inconsistent results on whether … A strong relationship between X and Y has been reported in the literature.
In reviewing the literature, no data was found on the association between X and Y.
Arka plan bilgisi vermek: çalışmanın amacına atıf yapmak
One of the aims of this study was to … The third question in this research was ...
An initial objective of the project was to identify ... This study set out to assess the importance of X in ... The first question in this study sought to determine ...
It was hypothesised that participants with a history of ...
The present study was designed to determine the effect of ... With respect to the first research question, it was found that …
Bir sonucu ya da birçok sonuçtan birini yeniden belirtmek
This study found that … One interesting finding is ...
The current study found that ... Another important finding is that ... The most important result was that ... In this study, Xs were found to cause ...
The results of this study show/indicate that ... On the question of X, this study found that ...
This experiment did not detect any evidence for ...
The most obvious finding to emerge from the analysis is that ...
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(Perhaps) the most |
striking important disturbing significant interesting compelling unexpected clinically relevant |
finding is … |
Beklenmeyen bir sonucu belirtmek
What is surprising is that ... Surprisingly, X was found to ...
One unanticipated result was that ... What is curious about this result is that …
Surprisingly, no differences were found in ...
This finding was unexpected and suggests that ... One unexpected finding was the extent to which …
It is somewhat surprising that no X was noted in this condition ... The weak association of X with Y is interesting, but not surprising.
It is interesting to compare Figure 4 with Figure 2 in Smith (2019) that shows … One surprising variable that was found to be significantly associated with X was … These findings are somewhat surprising given the fact that other research shows … Contrary to expectations, this study did not find a significant difference between ...
However, the observed difference between X and Y in this study was not significant. However, the ANOVA (one way) showed that these results were not statistically significant. It was surprising that the X group scores did not differ significantly from those of the Y group.
Sonucu karşılaştırmak: önceki bulguları destekleyen
This study confirms that X is associated with ...
This finding was also reported by Smith et al. (1989).
This finding is consistent with that of Smith (2000) who … Comparison of the findings with those of other studies confirms … This also accords with our earlier observations, which showed that ...
These results reflect those of Smith et al. (1992) who also found that … Increased activation in the X in this study corroborates these earlier findings. These results corroborate the findings of a great deal of the previous work in ...
This finding broadly supports the work of other studies in this area linking X with Y. In accordance with the present results, previous studies have demonstrated that ...
It is encouraging to compare this figure with that found by Jones (1993) who found that ... Consistent with the literature, this research found that participants who reported using X also … There are similarities between the attitudes expressed by X in this study and those described by … This study supports evidence from clinical observations (e.g. Smith, 1997; Jones et al., 1994) that …
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These results |
further support the idea of ... confirm the association between ...
are consistent with data obtained in … match those observed in earlier studies. are in line with those of previous studies. are in agreement with those obtained by …
are in accord with recent studies indicating that … agree with the findings of other studies, in which ...
seem to be consistent with other research which found ... mirror those of the previous studies that have examined ... are consistent with those of Smith and Jones (2015) who ... are in keeping with previous observational studies, which ... support previous research into this area which links X and Y.
are in agreement with Smith’s (1999) findings which showed ... corroborate the ideas of Smith and Jones (2008), who suggested that ... |
Sonucu karşılaştırmak: önceki bulgulara zıt olan
This study has been unable to demonstrate that ... However, this result has not previously been described.
This outcome is contrary to that of Smith et al. (2001) who found … This finding is contrary to previous studies which have suggested that … In contrast to earlier findings, however, no evidence of X was detected.
The yields in this investigation were higher compared to those of other studies. However, the findings of the current study do not support the previous research. Smith et al. (1999) showed that …. This differs from the findings presented here … The overall level was found to be 15%, lower than that of previously reported levels. It has been suggested that … (Smith et al., 2002). This does not appear to be the case.
The levels observed in this investigation are far below those observed by Smith et al. (2007). These results differ from X’s 2003 estimate of Y, but they are broadly consistent with earlier ... Although, these results differ from some published studies (Smith, 1992; Jones, 1996), they are consistent with those of ...
Bulgulara bir açıklama getirmek
A possible explanation for this might be that ... Another possible explanation for this is that ... This result may be explained by the fact that ... There are, however, other possible explanations. These relationships may partly be explained by …
There are several possible explanations for this result. Several factors could explain this observation. Firstly, …
These differences can be explained in part by the proximity of X and Y. A possible explanation for these results may be the lack of adequate ...
These factors may explain the relatively good correlation between X and Y.
This inconsistency may be due to ... These results are likely to be related to … This discrepancy could be attributed to ...
It seems possible that these results are due to ... This rather contradictory result may be due to ... The observed increase in X could be attributed to …
It is difficult to explain this result, but it might be related to ...
This finding could have been generated by misclassification bias since …
Another possible alternative explanation of our findings is that they are due to …
The possible interference of X cannot be ruled out. It may be that these participants benefitted from ... Differences between X and Y may have influenced ...
These possible sources of error could have affected … There are two likely causes for the differences between ... This result may reflect differences in the size, quality and …
The reason for this is not clear but it may have something to do with ...
The observed correlation between X and Y might be explained in this way: ... Since this difference has not been found elsewhere it is probably not due to ...
These conflicting experimental results could be associated with the nature of the …
It is possible that these unmeasured variables could account for some aspects of the results.
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This (rather) |
intriguing interesting surprising unexpected disappointing |
result finding |
could be due to … may be related to … might be a result of …
could be attributed to … can be explained by X.
might be explained by the fact that … |
Bulguların dikkatli bir şekilde yorumlanmasını önermek
Another source of uncertainty is … Additional uncertainty arises from … A note of caution is due here since …
We cannot exclude the possibility that … There are several possible sources of error. These findings cannot be extrapolated to all … These findings may be somewhat limited by …
The possible interference of X cannot be ruled out. These data must be interpreted with caution because ...
It could be argued that the positive results were due to … Several sources of error may have influenced these results. These results therefore need to be interpreted with caution.
It is important to bear in mind the possible bias in these responses.
This limitation means that study findings need to be interpreted cautiously. Although exclusion of X did not ..., these results should be interpreted with caution.
However, with a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings might not be …
